Selected Solo Exhibitions
1969
Giuseppe Penone, Galleria Gian Enzo Sperone, Torino, 11–22 December 1970
1970
Giuseppe Penone, Aktionsraum 1, Munich, 5–20 February 1970
1977
Giuseppe Penone. Bäume Augen Haare Wände Tongefäss, curated by Jean Christophe Ammann, Kunstmuseum, Luzern, 22 May–26 June 1977
1978
Giuseppe Penone. Objecte, Zeichnungen, Projektionen, Fotos, curated by Ingo Bartsch, Staatliche Kunsthalle, Baden-Baden, 28 January–26 February 1978
Giuseppe Penone. Objekte und Wandzeichnungen, curated by Zdenek Felix, Museum Folkwang, Essen, 1 September–1 October 1978
1980
Giuseppe Penone, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 14 February–30 March 1980
Giuseppe Penone, Ausstellung Studio, Mönchengladbach, 30 August 1980
Arbeiten aus Mönchengladbach 1979–1980, InK Halle für Internationale Neue Kunst, Zurich, 8 October–16 November 1980
1983
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Jessica Bradley, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 7 October–4 December 1983; Fort Worth Art Museum, Fort Worth, 1 February–18 March 1984; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, 2 June–12 August 1984
1984
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Suzanne Pagé and Anne Mérie, ARC Musée d’art moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, 4 July–23 September 1984
1985
Cinq Artistes, Quatre Châteaux et une Abbaye en Gironde, curated by Gérard Guyot, Château de Malle, Preignac, 12 May–15 September 1985
1986
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Jean-Paul Monery, Christine Poullain and Hélène Vincent, Musée de Peinture et Sculpture, Grenoble, 27 March–9 June 1986
Giuseppe Penone, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nantes, 27 June–29 September 1986
Giuseppe Penone. Creuser la Mémoire de la Boue (Exercice de sculpture), curated by Laurent Busine, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Charleroi, 18 October–21 December 1986
1988
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Jacques Vilain and Nicole Barbier, Musée Rodin, Paris, 29 June–12 September 1988
1989
Giuseppe Penone. Recent Sculpture, Arnolfini Gallery, Bristol, 21 January–5 March 1989
Giuseppe Penone. Recent Sculpture, Dean Clough Art Foundation, Halifax, 18 March–17 April 1989
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Dede Auregli, Galleria d’Arte Moderna Villa delle Rose, Bologna, 26 November 1989–16 January 1990
1991
Giuseppe Penone. Foglie e suture, organised by Silo Art Contemporain, Eglise de Courmelois, Reims/Val-de-Vesle, 23 June–31 August 1991
Penone. L’Espace de la mayn, curated by Roland Recht, Michele Lavallée and Jonas Storsve, Ancienne Douane, Strasbourg, 26 October 1991–19 January 1992
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Ida Gianelli and Giorgio Verzotti, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 15 November 1991–9 February 1992
1992
Penone. Le acque, i venti, le genti, gli alberi, i serpi sono vene di pietra, Réfectoire de l’Abbaye de Tournus, Tournus, 17 October–11 November 1992
1993
Giuseppe Penone, Musée-Château d’Annecy, Annecy, 16 October 1993–23 January 1994
1994
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Guy Tosatto, Centro Culturale Teresa Orsola Bussa De Rossi, Fossano, 4 June–30 August 1994
Giuseppe Penone. L’image du toucher, curated by Yves Lecointre and Augusto Da Costa, FRAC Fond Régional d’Art Contemporain de Picardie, Amiens, 1 October–11 December 1994
1997
Giuseppe Penone. Die Adern des Steins, curated by Giuseppe Penone and Christoph Schreier, Kunstmuseum, Bonn, 14 March–19 May 1997; Giuseppe Penone. The veins of stone, Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Toyota, 5 August–3 November 1997
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Guy Tosatto, Carré d’Art, Musée d’art contemporain, Nîmes, 6 June–7 September 1997; curated by Hendrik Driessen and Wilma van Hasseldonk, De Pont Foundation for Contemporary Art, Tilburg, 11 October 1997–8 February 1998; curated by Vittoria Coen and Danilo Eccher, Galleria Civica d’Arte Contemporanea, Trento, 13 March–3 May 1998
1999
Giuseppe Penone 1968–1998, CGAC Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela, 22 January–4 April 1999
2000
Giuseppe Penone. Respirare l’ombra, Synagoge Stommeln, Pulheim, 8 October–10 December 2000
2002
Giuseppe Penone. Spoglia d’oro su spine d’acacia, curated by Daniela Lancioni, Spazio per l’arte contemporanea Tor Bella Monaca, Roma, 18 March–31 July 2002
Giuseppe Penone. Paesaggi del cervello, curated by Ludovico Pratesi, ex Chiesa della Maddalena, Pesaro, 13 September–23 November 2002
2004
Giuseppe Penone. The Imprint of Drawing, curated by Catherine de Zegher, The Drawing Center, New York, 23 January–6 March; Milton Keynes Gallery, Milton Keynes, 27 March–9 May 2004
Penone. Rétrospective, curated by Catherine Grenier, Galerie Sud, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 21 April–23 August; Giuseppe Penone. Retrospectiva, CaixaForum, Fundación “la Caixa”, Barcelona, 1 October 2004–16 January 2005
2006
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Andrea Busto, CeSAC Centro Sperimentale per le Arti Contemporanee, Il Filatoio, Caraglio, 10 June–8 October 2006; Galerie du CAIRN, Musée-Promenade, Saint-Benoît, Digne-les-Bains, 18 June–29 October 2006
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Giuseppe Penone and Guido de Werd, Museum Kurhaus, Kleve, 8 October 2006–25 February 2007
2007
Giuseppe Penone. Sculture di linfa, curated by Ida Gianelli, Padiglione Italiano, 52. Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte, La Biennale di Venezia, Venezia, 10 June–21 November 2007
2008
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Daniela Lancioni, Académie de France à Rome, Villa Medici, Roma, 30 January–25 March 2008
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Gianfranco Maraniello, MAMbo Museo d’Arte Moderna di Bologna, Bologna, 25 September–8 December 2008
Giuseppe Penone, Galleria Italia, AGO Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, 14 November 2008–6 February 2012
2009
Giuseppe Penone. Matrice de sève, ENSBA École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, Cabinet des dessins Jean Bonna-Cour vitréee du Palais des études, Paris, 15 May–17 July 2009
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Masao Kitatani and Toshiharu Suzuki, Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Toyota, 7 July–23 September 2009
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Mónica Vorbeck, Museo de la Ciudad, Quito, 5 November–27 December 2009
Giuseppe Penone. Nelle mani. Opere dal 1968 al 2008, Tucci Russo Studio per l’Arte Contemporanea, Torre Pellice, 28 November–30 April 2010
2010
Giuseppe Penone. Nelle mani - In the Hands, curated by Hendrik Driessen, De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art, Tilburg, 29 May–26 September 2010
Giuseppe Penone. Des veines, au ciel, ouvertes, curated by Laurent Busine, MAC's Musée des Arts Contemporains de la Communauté Française de Belgique au Grand-Hornu, Hornu, 31 October 2010–13 February 2011
2011
Giuseppe Penone, Haunch of Venison, London, 27 May–20 August 2011
Giuseppe Penone. Neue Arbeiten, Konrad Fischer Galerie, Berlin, 9 September–13 November 2011
2012
Giuseppe Penone, Centre d'arts et de nature, Parc du Château, Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire, 6 April–7 November 2012
Traversées, organised by the Département de l'Ardèche, La Fabrique du Pont d’Aleyrac, Saint-Pierreville, 28 April- 27 May; Pas d’Panique, Lagorce, 1–24 June; Château du Pin, Fabras, 30 June–29 July; Sur le sentier des lauzes, Saint-Mélany, 3–31 August 2012
Giuseppe Penone, Marian Goodman Gallery, New York, 4 May–16 June 2012
Giuseppe Penone. Spazio di Luce, curated by Achim Borchardt-Hume, The Bloomberg Commission, Whitechapel Gallery, London, 4 September–26 October 2013
Giuseppe Penone, Haunch of Venison, London, 6 September–6 October 2012
Giuseppe Penone. Intersecting Gaze / Sguardo incrociato, Gagosian Gallery, London, 9 October–24 November 2012
2013
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Dieter Schwarz, Kunstmuseum, Winterthur, 27 April–11 August 2013
Penone Versailles, curated by Alfred Pacquement, Château de Versailles, Versailles, 11 June–30 October 2013
Giuseppe Penone. Alfabeto, curated by Frédéric Paul, Chapelle Saint-Martin-du-Méjan, Arles, 1 July–22 September 2013
Giuseppe Penone. Ideas of Stone, Madison Square Park, New York, 26 September 2013–9 February 2014
2014
Giuseppe Penone. Prospettiva vegetale, curated by Arabella Natalini and Sergio Risaliti, Forte di Belvedere and Giardino di Boboli, Firenze, 5 July–5 October 2014
Giuseppe Penone. Ramificazioni del Pensiero / Branches of Thought, Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles, 5 September–18 October 2014
Breath is a Sculpture, Beirut Art Center, Beirut, 16 September–29 November 2014
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Guy Tosatto, Musée de Grenoble, Grenoble, 22 November 2014–22 February 2015
2015
Giuseppe Penone. Indistinti confini/Indistinct Boundaries, curated by Dieter Schwarz, Marian Goodman Gallery, New York 18 March–25 April 2015
Giuseppe Penone. Being the River, Repeating the Forest, curated by Jed Morse, Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas, 19 September 2015–10 January 2016
Giuseppe Penone. Regards croisés, curated by Bernard Fibicher, Musée Cantonal des Beaux Arts, Lausanne, 25 September 2015–3 January 2016
2016
Giuseppe Penone. Scultura, curated by Gianfranco Maraniello, MART Museo di arte moderna e contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto, Rovereto 19 March–26 June 2016
Giuseppe Penone - Anafora, curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Grotte del muro castellamontiano, La Venaria Reale 24 March 2016–19 February 2017
Giuseppe Penone in het Rijksmuseum, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 10 June–2 October 2016
2017
Giuseppe Penone. Matrice, curated by Massimiliano Gioni, Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana, Roma 27 January–16 July 2017
Giuseppe Penone. Des corps de pierre, Domaine de Château La Coste, Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade 9 September–26 November 2017
2018
Giuseppe Penone. A tree in the wood, Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield 26 May 2018–28 April 2019
2019
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Roland Mönig, Saarlandmuseum Moderne Galerie, Saarbrücken 13 April–18 August 2019 (partly until 10 January 2021)
Giuseppe Penone. Incidenze del vuoto, curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Chiesa di San Francesco, Cuneo and Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli 11 October 2019–2 February 2020
Giuseppe Penone at Fort Mason, Fort Mason, San Francisco 24 October 2019–28 March 2021
2020
Giuseppe Penone, Indistinti confini – Noce, Centre Pompidou-Metz, Metz 21 March 2020–11 January 2021
Arbres, Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire, Saison d’art 2020, 28 March 2020–3 January 2021
2021
Giuseppe Penone. Leaves of Grass, Marian Goodman Gallery, New York 9 March–17 April 2021
The Listener, XVII Biennale di Architettura di Venezia, Bacino dell’Arsenale, Venezia 22 May–21 November 2021
Giuseppe Penone: Disegni, curated by Marco Tonelli, Galleria d’Arte Moderna “G. Carandente”, Palazzo Collicola, Spoleto 26 June–26 September 2021
Giuseppe Penone. Alberi in versi, The Uffizi Gallery, Firenze 6 July–3 October 2021
Giuseppe Penone. Sève et pensée, curated by Marie Minssieux-Chamonard and Cécile Pocheau-Lesteven, Bibliothèque nationale de France–François Mitterand, Paris 12 October 2021–23 January 2022
2022
Propagazioni. Giuseppe Penone at Sèvres, curated by Giulio Dalvit, Frick Madison–Frick Collection, New York 17 March–28 August 2022
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Laurent Busine, Abbaye-Espace d’art contemporain, Annecy 19 May–28 August 2022
Idee di pietra. Giuseppe Penone a Caracalla, curated by Francesco Stocchi, Baths of Caracalla, Roma 7 June–30 October 2022
Giuseppe Penone à La Tourette, curated by Marc Chauveau, Couvent de La Tourette, Évaux 6 September–24 December 2022
River of Forms: Giuseppe Penone’s Drawings, curated by Carlos Basualdo, Keith L. and Katherine Sachs with Lara Demori, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia 24 September 2022–26 February 2023
Giuseppe Penone, curated by Barbara Bos and Suzanne Swarts, Voorlinden Museum & Gardens, Wassenaar 8 October 2022–29 January 2023
Giuseppe Penone –Dessins, curated by Jonas Storsve and Lætitia Pesenti, Centre Pompidou, Musée national d’art moderne, Galerie du Musée–Galerie d’art graphique, Paris 19 October–6 March 2023
2023
Giuseppe Penone. Gesti universali (Universal Gestures), curated by Francesco Stocchi, Galleria Borghese, Roma, 14 March–9 July 2023
Giuseppe Penone. Impronte di luce, Gagosian Gallery, Paris 16 October - 22 December 2023
Selected Group Exhibitions
1969
Prospect 69. Internationale Vorschau auf die Kunst in den Galerien der Avantgarde, curated by Konrad Fischer and Hans Strelow, Städtische Kunsthalle, Düsseldorf, 30 September–12 October 1969
Konzeption/Conception. Dokumentation einer heutiger Kunstrichtung, curated by Rolf Wedewer and Konrad Fischer, Städtisches Museum Schloss Morsbroich, Leverkusen, 23 October–23 November 1969
1970
Gennaio 70. Comportamenti Progetti Mediazioni, III Biennale internazionale della giovane pittura, curated by Renato Barilli, Museo Civico, Bologna, 31 January–28 February 1970
Between man and matter, curated by Yusuke Nakahara, X Biennale, Tokyo Metropolitan Art Gallery, Tokyo 10–30 May 1970
Processi di pensiero visualizzati, 15 italienische Künstler, curated by Jean Christophe Ammann, Kunstmuseum, Luzern, 31 May–5 July 1970
Conceptual Art Arte Povera Land Art, curated by Germano Celant, Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna, Torino, 12 June–12 July 1970
Information, curated by Kynaston L. McShine, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2 July–20 September 1970
1971
Arte Povera. 13 italienische Künstler, curated by Germano Celant, Kunstverein München, München, 26 May–27 June 1971
7e Biennale de Paris, Parc Floral, Bois de Vincennes, Paris, 24 September–1 November 1971
1972
documenta 5. Befragung der Realität. Bildwelten heute, curated by Harald Szeemann, Neue Galerie Schöne Aussicht, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, 30 June–8 September 1972
1973
Combattimento per un’immagine. Fotografi e pittori, curated by Luigi Carluccio, Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna, Torino, March-April 1973
1974
Die verlorene Identität: Zur Gegenwart des Romantischen, curated by Walter Ehrmann, Städtische Museum, Schloss Morsbroich, Leverkusen, 10 May–23 June 1974
Kunst bleibt Kunst, Project ‘74, Kunsthalle, Koln 6 July–8 September 1974
1977
Malerei und Photographie im Dialog von 1840 bis Heute, Kunsthaus, Zurich, 13 May–24 July 1977
1978
Dalla natura all’arte, dall’arte alla natura, XXXVIII Biennale Internazionale d’Arte, curated by Achille Bonito Oliva, Giardini di Castello, Venezia, June-September 1978
1981
Westkunst. Zeitgenossische Kunst seit 1939, curated by Laszlo Glozer and Kasper Koenig, Rheinhallen Messegelände, Koln, 26 May–16 August 1981
Identité italienne. L’art en Italie depuis 1959, curated by Germano Celant, Musée national d’Art moderne Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 25 June–7 September 1981
Murs, curated by Alfred Pacquement, Musée national d’art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 17 December 1981–8 February 1982
1982
Italian Art Now. An American Perspective. 1982 Exxon International Exhibition, curated by Diane Waldman, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1 April–20 June 1982
‘60-’80. Attitudes / Concepts / Images, curated by Ad Petersen, Karel Schampers, Marja Bloem, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 9 April–11 July 1982
documenta 7, curated by Rudi Fuchs, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, 19 June–28 September 1982
New work on Paper 2, curated by Bernice Rose, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 28 July–21 September 1982
Choix pour aujourd’hui, curated by Bernard Blistène, Musée national d’art moderne Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 9 October–29 November 1982
1983
De Statua, curated by Rudi Fuchs, Stedelijk Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, 8 May–19 June 1983
1984
Il Modo Italiano, curated by Giovanna Zamboni and Valeria Camerino, Fisher Gallery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 24 January–24 February 1984
An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture, curated by Kynaston McShine, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 17 May–19 August 1984
Skulptur im 20. Jahrhundert, curated by Ernst Beyeler, Reinhold Hohl, Martin Schwander, St. Jacob/Merian-Park, Basel, 3 June–30 September 1984
Coerenza in coerenza. Dall’arte povera al 1984, curated by Germano Celant, Mole Antonelliana, Torino, 12 June–14 October 1984
Ouverture 1984, curated by Rudi Fuchs, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 18 December 1984
1985
Del arte povera a 1985, curated by Germano Celant, Palacio de Velasquez, Palacio de Cristal, Parque del Retiro, Madrid, 24 January–7 April 1985
The European Iceberg. Creativity in Germany and Italy Today, curated by Germano Celant, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, 8 February–7 April 1985
The Knot. Arte Povera at P.S.1, curated by Germano Celant, P.S.1 Institute for Contemporary Art, Long Island City, New York, 6 October–15 December 1985
Transformations in Sculpture. Four decades of American and European Art, curated by Diane Waldman, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, 22 November 1985–16 February 1986
1986
Falls the Shadow. Recent British and European Art, curated by Susan Ferleger Brades and Gerlinde Gabriel, Hayward Gallery, London, 9 April–15 June 1986
Besana ottanta. Che cosa fanno oggi i concettuali?, curated by Renato Barilli, Rotonda di via Besana, Milano 19 June–31 August 1986
Wunderkammer, curated by Adalgisa Lugli, XLII Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte, La Biennale di Venezia, Venezia, 29 June–28 September 1986
1987
documenta 8, curated by Manfred Schneckenburger, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, 12 June–20 September 1987
Skulptur-projekte in Münster 1987, curated by Klaus Bussmann and Kaspar Koenig, Westfälischen Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, Münster, 14 June–4 October 1987
Italie hors d’Italie, curated by Johannes Gachnang and Rudi Fuchs, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nîmes, 10 July–30 September 1987
Emerging artists 1978–1986. Selections from the Exxon series, curated by Diane Waldman, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, until October 25, 1987
The 2nd Biennale, 4th Ushimado International Art Festival, Ushimado, 1–3 November 1987
Standing Sculpture, curated by Rudi Fuchs, Johannes Gachnang, Francesco Poli, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 17 December 1987–30 April 1988
1988
Saturne en Europe, curated by Roland Recht and Françoise Ducros, Ancienne Douane, Musée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame, Strasbourg, 17 September–4 December 1988
1989
Italian Art in the 20th Century. Painting and Sculpture 1900–1988, curated by Germano Celant and Norman Rosenthal, Royal Academy of Arts, London, 14 January–9 April 1989
Territoires d’artistes. Paysages verticaux, curated by Louise Déry, Musée du Québec, Québec, 15 June–1 October 1989
1990
Régions de Dissemblance, curated by George Didi-Huberman and Guy Tosatto, Musée départemental, Rochechouart, 5 April–10 June 1990
Arte Moderna e Contemporanea a confronto, Collezione Peggy Guggenheim e Museo Solomon R. Guggenheim, Palazzo Venier dei Leoni, Venezia, September 1990-September 1991
Temperamenti. Contemporary Art from Northern Italy, curated by Pier Giovanni Castagnoli, Tramway, Glasgow, 11 October–18 November 1990
Vies d’Artistes, curated by Françoise Cohen, Béatrice Simonot, Gérard Guillot-Chêne, Musée des Beaux-Arts André Malraux, Le Havre; Musée Ancien-Evêche, Evreux; Usine Fromage-Ecole d’architecture de Normandie, Rouen, 12 October 1990–15 January 1991
1991
Arte Povera 1971 und 20 Jahre danach, curated by Zdenek Felix, Kunstverein, München, 26 April–20 May 1991
Sticks & Stones. The artists work with nature, curated by Barry Walker, Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, 9 June–1 September 1991
1992
Regard Multiple. Acquisitions de la Societé des Amis du Musée national d’art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou - Musée national d’Art moderne, Paris, 28 January–12 April 1992
Manifeste 4 (Arte povera, Artiform), curated by Didier Semin, Centre Pompidou - Musée national d'art moderne, Paris 18 June–28 September 1992
1993
Gravity & Grace. The changing condition of sculpture 1965–1975, curated by Jon Thompson and Greg Hilty, Hayward Gallery, London, 21 January–14 March 1993
Un'avventura internazionale. Torino e le Arti 1950–1970, curated by Paolo Fossati, Germano Celant and Ida Gianelli, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 5 February–25 April 1993
Noir dessin, organised by Marie Laure Bernadac, Centre Pompidou - Musée national d'art moderne, Paris, 7 July–26 September 1993
Group Show, Fattoria di Celle, Santomato di Pistoia, September 1993
1994
The Italian Metamorphosis 1943–1968, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, 7 October 1994–22 January 1995
Zeitgenössiche Kunst aus Frankfurter Banken, curated by Rolf Lauter, Jahrhunderthalle Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, 10 October–20 November 1994
1995
Identità e alterità – Impronte del corpo e della mente, curated by Jean Clair and Adalgisa Lugli, XLVI Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte, La Biennale di Venezia, Padiglione Italia, Venezia 10 June-September 1995
FémininMasculin. Le sexe de l’art, curated by Christine Van Assche, Centre Pompidou - Musée national d'art moderne, Paris, 25 October 1995–12 February 1995
1996
Collezionismo a Torino. Le opere di sei collezionisti d’Arte Contemporanea, curated by Ida Gianelli, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 16 February–21 April 1996
Arte Povera. Les multiples, curated by Gilbert Perlein, Musée d’Art Moderne e d’Art Contemporain, Nice, 23 March–16 June 1996
1997
L’empreinte, Musée national d’Art moderne Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 19 February–12 May 1997
Arte Povera. Arbeiten und Dokumente aus der Sammlung Goetz 1958 bis heute, Neues Museum Weserburg Bremen, Bremen, 22 June–7 September; Kunsthalle Nürnberg, Nürnberg, 2 October–7 December; Kölnisher Kunstverein, Koln, 14 February 1998–26 April 1998; 20er Haus, Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwing, Wien, 19 June 1998–30 August 1998; Arte Povera. Sammlung Goetz, Konsthallen, Göteborg, 19 September 1998–31 December 1998; Arte Povera. Arbeiten und Dokumente aus der Sammlung Goetz 1958 bis heute. Teil 2: Arbeiten von 1973 bis heute, Sammlung Goetz, München, 23 July 1999–18 December 1999 and 24 January 2000–20 May 2000
1998
Artecittà. 11 Artisti per il Passante Ferroviario di Torino, GAM Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, Torino, 19 March–25 April 1998
Jardin d’artiste: de mémoire d’arbre, curated by Noëlle Chabert and Catherine Lanson, Musée Zadkine, Paris, 12 June–11 October 1998
Être Nature, curated by Hervés Chandès, Fondation Cartier pour l’art contemporain, Paris, 17 June–20 September 1998
1999
Wände/Walls, Konrad Fischer Galerie, Platanenstrasse, Düsseldorf 8 May–19 June 1999
Silent Friendship 1960–90’s: 7 artists, Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Toyota, 29 June–19 September 1999
Les Champs de la sculpture 2000, Champs-Élysées, Paris, 15 September–14 November 1999
2000
Man + Space, Kwangju Biennale 2000, Kwangju, 29 March–7 June 2000
La beauté in fabula, curated by Jean de Loisy, Palais des Papes, Avignon, 27 May–1 October 2000
Enclosed & Enchanted, curated by Kerry Brougher and Michael Tarantino, Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, 16 July–8 October 2000
Luci in galleria. Da Warhol al 2000, Gian Enzo Sperone. 35 anni di mostre fra Europa e America, curated by Anna Minola, Maria Cristina Mundici, Francesco Poli, Maria Teresa Roberto, Palazzo Cavour, Torino, 6 October 2000–14 January 2001
Arte povera in collezione, curated by Ida Gianelli, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 6 December 2000–30 December 2001
2001
Fables du Lieu, curated by Georges Didi-Huberman, Le Fresnoy, Studio national des arts contemporains, Tourcoing, 10 February–1 April 2000
Zero to Infinity: Arte Povera 1962–1972, curated by Richard Flood and Frances Morris, Tate Modern, London, 31 May–19 August 2001; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 13 October 2001–13 January 2002; MOCA Museum of Contemporary Art at The Geffen Contemporary, Los Angeles, 28 April–22 September 2002; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, 17 October 2002–12 January 2003
Dialogue ininterrompu, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nantes, 7 July–19 November 2001
Des territoires, curated by Jean-François Chevrier and Sandra Alvarez de Toledo, ENSBA École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, Paris, 9 October–30 December 2001
Costrizione. Il lutto nel bello, curated by Christoph Bertsch and Heidrun Sandbichler, Giardino e Scalone monumentale, Forum/Istituto Austriaco di Cultura in Roma and Ex Carcere Minorile, Complesso Monumentale di San Michele a Ripa, Roma, 30 November 2001–13 January 2002
2002
Tuttonormale, curated by Jérôme Sans and Ludovico Pratesi, Villa Medici, Roma, 21 June–19 August 2002
Arte Povera. Art from Italy 1967–2002, curated by Ida Gianelli, Judith Blackall, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, MCA Museum of Contemporay Art, Sydney, 23 August–10 November 2002
2003
Le beau corps de la mémoire, curated by Laurent Busine, MAC’s Musée des Arts Contemporains de la Communauté Française de Belgique au Grand-Hornu, Hornu, 16 March–19 June 2003
The Stage of Drawing: Gesture and Act. Selected from the Tate Collection, curated by Catherine de Zegher, The Drawing Center, New York, 5 April–31 May 2003; Museum of Contemporay Art, Sydney, 25 June–24 August; Tate Liverpool, Liverpool, 26 September 2003–28 March 2004
Belvedere dell’Arte. Orizzonti, curated by Achille Bonito Oliva and Sergio Risaliti, Forte Belvedere, Firenze 4 July–26 October 2003
La Poetica dell’Arte Povera, curated by Annegret Laabs, Kunstmuseum Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen, Magdeburg, 14 September–7 December 2003
The Last Picture Show. Artists Using Photography 1960–1982, curated by Douglas Fogle, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 11 October 2003–4 January 2004; UCLA Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, 8 February–9 May 2004; The Last Picture Show, Künstler Verwenden Fotografie 1960–1982, Fotomuseum Winterthur, Winterthur, 27 November 2004–20 February 2005; Miami Art Central, Miami, 12 March–12 June 2005
2004
Contre/Images, curated by Françoise Cohen, Carré d’Art - Musée d’art contemporain, Nîmes, 4 June–26 September 2004
Giganten. Europese Spraakmakers, curated by Marie Jeanne de Rooij, Den Haag Sculptuur, Den Haag, 4 June–12 September 2004
Speaking with Hands. Photographs from The Buhl Collection, curated by Jennifer Blessing, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, 4 June–8 September 2004; Guggenheim, Bilbao, 25 November 2005–27 March 2006; Museum Folkwang, Essen, 20 May–30 July 2006; Marble Palace, State Russian Museum, St. Peterbourg, 21 September–31 October 2006
2005
Arte Povera, curated by Tadashi Kanai and Masao Kitasani, Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Toyota, 19 March–12 June 2005
Chassez le naturel, curated by Bernard Blistène and Claude d’Anthenaise, Domaine national de Chambord, Maison des réfractaires, Chambord, 24 June–3 November 2005
2006
2006 Beaufort. 2e Triennale d’art contemporain sur mer, curated by Willy Van den Bussche, PMMK Provinciaal Museum voor Moderne Kunst, Ostenda, 1 April–3 September 2006 (Beaufort Inside) and various locations, 1 April–1 October 2006 (Beaufort Outside)
Against the grain. Contemporary Art from the Edward R. Broida Collection, curated by Ann Temkin, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 3 May–10 July 2006
Transforming Chronologies. An atlas of drawings. Part Two, curated by Luis Pérez-Oramas, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 10 May–2 October 2006
Eye on Europe. Prints, Books and Multiples/1960 to Now, curated by Deborah Wye and Wendy Weitman, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 15 October 2006–1 January 2007
L'homme-paysage, curated by Jeanette Zwingenberger and Alain Tapié, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille, 15 October–14 January 2007; Villa Oppenheim, Galerie für Gegenwartskunst, Berlin, 8 February–15 March 2007; Centre des monuments nationaux, Château d'Oiron, Oiron, 31 March–27 May 2007
2007
Live/Work. Performance into Drawing, curated by Connie Butler, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 31 January–21 March 2007
Ateliers. L’artiste et ses lieux de création, curated by Didier Schulmann, Annalisa Rimmaudo, Catherine Tiraby, Musée national d’Art moderne Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 2 April–4 June 2007
Contrepoint, de la sculpture, curated by Marie-Laure Bernadac, Musée du Louvre, Paris, 5 April–25 June 2007
Drawing Connections: Baselitz, Kelly, Penone, Rockburne, and the Old Masters, curated by Isabelle Dervaux, The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, 12 October 2007–6 January 2008
2008
Una stanza tutta per sè, curated by Marcella Beccaria, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 2 April 2008–18 January 2009
Nient’altro che Scultura / Nothing but sculpture, XIII Biennale Internazionale, Carrara, 26 July–28 September 2008
/Italics/ Arte italiana fra tradizione e rivoluzione 1968–2008, curated by Francesco Bonami, Palazzo Grassi, Venezia, 27 September 2008–22 March 2009; /Italics/ Italian art between Tradition and Revolution 1968–2008, MCA Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, 14 November 2009–14 February 2010
Création / Destruction, curated by Véronique Gautherin, Musée Zadkine, Paris, 21 November 2008–1 March 2009
2009
The Russian linesman. Frontiers, borders and thresholds, curated by Marc Wallinger, Hayward Gallery, London, 18 February–4 May 2009; Leeds Art Gallery, Leeds, 16 May–28 June 2009; Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea, 18 July–20 September 2009
Paper: Pressed, Stained, Slashed, Folded, curated by Starr Figura, Paul J. Sachs Prints and Illustrated Books Galleries, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 11 March–22 June 2009
Ecritures silencieuses, curated by Hervé Mikaeloff, Espace Culturel Louis Vuitton, Paris, 27 March–23 August 2009; Palazzo Dugnani, Milano, 23 September–31 October 2009
Compass in hand. Selections from the Judith Rothschild Foundation Contemporary Drawings Collection, curated by Christian Rattemeyer and Connie Butler, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 21 April–4 January 2009
The Quick and the Dead, curated by Peter Eleey, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 25 April–27 September 2009
I giovani che visitano le nostre rovine non vi vedono che uno stile, curated by FormContent, GAM Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, Torino, 18 June–30 August 2009
In & Out of Amsterdam. Art & Project Bulletin 1968–1989, curated by Christophe Cherix, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 15 July–26 October 2009
Surface Tension. Contemporary Photographs from the Collection, Joyce and Robert Menschel Hall for Modern Photography, MET Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 15 September 2009–16 May 2010
Rebecca Horn / Giuseppe Penone. Mots sous les pierres, Galerie Alice Pauli, Lausanne, 18 September–29 November 2009
Cella. Strutture di emarginazione e disciplinamento, curated by Christoph Bertsch and Silvia Höller, Ex Carcere Minorile, Complesso Monumentale di San Michele a Ripa, Roma, 5–28 November 2009
2010
Personal Structures. Time-Space-Existence, curated by Karlyn de Jongh and Sarah Gold, Berufsvereinigung Bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstler Vorarlbergs, Künstlerhaus Palais Thurn und Taxis, Bregenz, 16 January–21 February 2010; curated by Fiona Liewehr, Karlyn de Jongh and Sarah Gold, Georg Kargl Fine Arts, Wien, 6 May–19 June 2010
Torino sperimentale 1959–1969. Una storia della Cronaca. Il sistema delle Arti come Avanguardia, curated by Giorgina Bertolino and Francesca Pola, Sala Bolaffi, Torino, 18 February–9 May 2010
Che Fare? Arte povera. Die historischen Jahre, curated by Friedemann Malsch, Christiane Meyer-Stoll and Valentina Pero, Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein, Vaduz, 7 May–5 September 2010; Lentos Kunstmuseum, Linz, 18 February–29 April 2011
Chefs d'oeuvres?, curated by Laurent Le Bon, Centre Pompidou-Metz, Metz, 12 May–17 January 2010
Rudolf Steiner und die Kunst der Gegenwart, curated by Markus Brüderlin and Markus Mascher, Kunstmuseum, Wolfsburg, 13 May–3 October 2010; Kosmos Rudolf Steiner, curated by Ulrike Groos e Simone Schimpf, Kunstmuseum, Stuttgart, 5 February–22 May 2011
With a Probability of Being Seen. Dorothee and Konrad Fischer. Archives of an Attitude, MACBA Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona, Barcelona, 15 May–12 October 2010; From Carl Andre to Gregor Schneider. Dorothee and Konrad Fischer: Archives of an Attitude, Museum Kurhaus, Kleve, 14 November 2010–20 March 2011
Tutto è connesso. Ricerche e approfondimenti nell'arte dell'ultimo decennio attraverso la collezione, curated by Beatrice Merz, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 7 June 2010–9 January 2011
A toutes les morts, égales et cachées dans la nuit, MAC's Musée des Arts Contemporains de la Communauté Française de Belgique au Grand-Hornu, Hornu, 20 June–10 October 2010
documenta 13, curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Karlsaue Park, Kassel, from June 21, 2010; Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, 9 June–16 September 2012; Queen’s Palace, Bagh-e Bagur Pavilion, Kabul 20 June–19 July 2012
Ergo, materia. Arte povera, curated by Guillermo Santamarina and Alejandra Labastida, MUAC Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporáneo, Ciudad de México, 24 June–31 October 2010
Exhibition, exhibition, curated by Adam Carr, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 20 September 2010–9 January 2011
Colección Christian Stein. Una historia del arte italiano, curated by Jean Louis Maubant and Francisco Jarauta, IVAM Institut Valencià d’Art Modern, Valencia, 7 October 2010–23 January 2011; Collezione Christian Stein. Una storia dell’arte italiana, curated by Bettina Della Casa, Museo Cantonale d’arte, Lugano, 12 March–22 May 2011
Die Natur der Kunst - Begegnungen mit der Natur vom 19. Jahrhundert in die Gegenwart, curated by Dieter Schwarz, Kunstmuseum, Winterthur, 31 October 2010–27 February 2011
On Line. Drawing Through the Twentieth Century, curated by Cornelia H. Butler and Catherine de Zegher, MOMA The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 21 November 2010–7 February 2011
Atlas ¿Cómo llevar el mundo a cuestas?, curated by Georges Didi-Huberman, MNCARS Museo nacional Centro de arte Reina Sofia, Madrid, 26 November–28 March 2011; ZKM Museum für Neue Kunst, Karlsruhe, 7 May–7 August 2011; Deichtorhallen Sammlung Falckenberg, Hamburg, 1 October–27 November 2011
2011
Arte Povera in Moscow. Works from the collection of the Castello di Rivoli, curated by Elena Geuna and Beatrice Merz, MAMM Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow, 25 May–17 July 2011
Il mondo vi appartiene, curated by Caroline Bourgeois, Palazzo Grassi, Venezia, 2 June–31 December 2011
Tra. Edge of becoming, curated by Daniela Ferretti, Rosa Martinez, Francesco Poli and Axel Vervoordt, Museo Fortuny, Venezia, 4 June–27 November 2011
Arte Povera 1968, curated by Germano Celant and Gianfranco Maraniello, MAMbo Museo d’Arte Moderna, Bologna, 24 September–26 December 2011; Omaggio all’Arte Povera, curated by Anna Mattirolo and Luigia Lonardelli, MAXXI Museo nazionale delle arti del XXI secolo, Roma, 6 October 2011–8 January 2012; Arte Povera International, curated by Germano Celant and Beatrice Merz, Castello di Rivoli Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, 9 October 2011–19 February 2012; Arte Povera 1967–2011, curated by Germano Celant, Triennale di Milano, Milano, 25 October 2011–29 January 2012; Arte Povera in città, curated by Germano Celant and Giacinto Di Pietrantonio, GAMeC Galleria d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, Bergamo, November 2011; Arte povera più Azioni povere 1968, curated by Germano Celant and Eduardo Cicelyn, MADRE Museo d'Arte contemporanea Donnaregina, Napoli, 11 November 2011–20 February 2012; Arte Povera alla GNAM, curated by Maria Vittoria Marini Clarelli and Massimo Mininni, Galleria nazionale d’arte moderna, Roma, 7 December 2011–4 March 2012; Arte Povera in teatro, curated by Germano Celant and Antonella Soldaini, Teatro Margherita, Bari, 15 December 2011–11 March 2012
2012
My Private Passion. Sammlung Hubert Looser, curated by Florian Steininger, Bank Austria Kunstforum, Wien, 26 April–15 July 2012
Arte torna arte, curated by Bruno Corà, Franca Falletti, Daria Filardo, Galleria dell’Accademia, Firenze, 8 May–9 December 2012
Les Pleurants. Tant d’amours et tant de larmes, curated by Laurent Busine, Memling in Sint-Janhospitaal - Hospitaalmusseum, Bruges, 10 May–19 August 2012
Arte Povera. Der grosse aufbruch, curated by Bernhard Mendes Bürgi, Kunstmuseum, Basel, 9 September 2012–3 February 2013
The riches of Arte Povera. Italian avant-garde from the 1970s, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, 15 December–7 April 2013
2013
Prima materia, curated by Caroline Bourgeois and Michael Govan, Fondation François Pinault, Punta della Dogana, Venezia, 30 May–31 December 2013
Anni ‘70. Arte a Roma, curated by Daniela Lancioni, Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Roma, 16 December 2013–2 March 2014
2014
Lens-based sculpture. Die Veränderung der Skulptur durch die Fotografie, curated by Bogomir Ecker, Raimund Kummer, Friedemann Malsch, Herbert Molderings, Akademie der Künste, Berlin 24 January–21 April 2014; Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein, Vaduz, 15 May–31 August 2014
Limites Sem Limites. Desenhos e Traços da arte povera, curated by Gianfranco Maraniello, Fundação Iberê Camargo, Porto Alegre, 22 August–2 November 2014
2015
Poor Art / Rich Legacy. Arte Povera and Parallel Practices 1968–2015, curated by Sabrina van der Ley, Randi Godø, Andrea Kroksnes, The Museum of Contemporary Art, Oslo 13 March 2015–28 February 2016
Arts & Foods, curated by Germano Celant, Triennale di Milano, Milano, 9 April–1 November 2015
Sensations de nature. De Courbet à Hartung, Musée Courbet, Ornans, 4 July–12 October 2015
L'Homme, le Dragon et la Mort. La Gloire de Saint Georges, curated by Laurent Busine and Manfred Sellink, MAC’s Musée des Arts Contemporains de la Communauté Française de Belgique au Grand-Hornu, Hornu, 18 October 2015–17 January 2016
2016
Sublime. Les tremblements du monde, Centre Pompidou-Metz, Metz 12 February–5 September 2016
Daniel Buren: A Fresco, BOZAR/Centre for Fine Arts, Bruxelles 18 February–22 May 2016
Entre Sculpture et photographie, curated by Michel Frizot, Musée Rodin, Paris 12 April–17 July 2016
Un Art Pauvre, organised by Frédéric Paul, Bernard Blistène, Centre Pompidou, Paris 8 June–29 August 2016
Sculpture in the City, various venues, London from 28 June
Cloud & Crystal. The Dorothee and Konrad Fischer Collection, K20 Grabbeplatz, Düsseldorf, 24 September 2016–8 January 2017
2017
Jardins, organised by Laurent Le Bon, Marc Jeanson, Coline Zellal, Grand Palais, Paris 15 March–24 July 2017
Torino 1966–1973, Spazio 1, organised by Bettina Della Casa, Lugano 9 April–27 August 2017
50 years of Konrad Fischer Galerie 1967–2017, Konrad Fischer Galerie, Düsseldorf 8 September–14 November 2017
Arte Povera, curated by Ingvild Goetz, Hauser & Wirth, New York 12 September–28 October 2017
Etre pierre, curated by Noëlle Chabert e Jessica Castex, Musée Zadkine, Paris 29 September 2017–11 February 2018
2018
Arte Povera: From the Olnick Spanu Collection, Magazzino Italian Art, Cold Spring from 1 March 2018
Melancholia, curated by Louma Salamé, Boghossian Foundation, Villa Empain, Bruxelles 14 March–19 August 2018
Nascita di una nazione. Tra Guttuso, Fontana e Schifano, curated by Luca Massimo Barbero, Palazzo Strozzi, Firenze 16 March–22 July 2018
Arte Povera: una rivoluzione creativa, The State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersbourg 7 April–8 July 2018
Una fornace a Marsiglia: CIRVA, curated by Isabelle Reiher, Chiara Bertola, Le stanze del vetro, Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venezia 9 April–29 July 2018
2019
Préhistoire, une énigme moderne, curated by Cécile Debray, Rémi Labrusse, Maria Stavrinaki, Centre Pompidou - Musée national d'art moderne, Paris 8 May–16 September 2019
Entrare nell'opera. Processes and Performative Attitudes in Arte Povera, curated by Nike Bätzner, Maddalena Disch, Christiane Meyer-Stoll, Valentina Pero, Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein, Vaduz 7 June–1 September 2019
Nous les arbres, Fondation Cartier, Paris 12 July–10 November 2019
Sublimi anatomie, curated by Andrea Carlino, Philippe Comar, Anna Luppi, Vincenzo Napolano, Laura Perrone, Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Roma 22 October 2019–6 January 2020
2020
Arte povera. Italian landscape, curated by Danilo Eccher, MET- Metropolitan Museum of Contemporay Art of Manila, 10 February–9 August 2020
Among the Trees, Hayward Gallery, Southbank Centre, London 4 March–17 May 2020
Underlining. Giovanni Anselmo, Giulio Paolini, Giuseppe Penone, Gilberto Zorio, Tucci Russo Studio per l’Arte Contemporanea, Torre Pellice 11 September 2020–28 March 2021
2021
Human and nature portraits. Christiane Löhr, Richard Long, Marisa Merz, Giuseppe Penone, Thomas Schütte, Tucci Russo Chambres d’Art, Torino 27 January–24 July 2021
Formafantasma Cambio, curated by Hans Ulrich Obrist and Rebecca Lewis with Cristiana Parrella, Centro per l’arte contemporanea Luigi Pecci, Prato 15 May–24 October 2021
META VISCERAL, Levy Gorvy Gallery, London 1 June–31 July 2021
2022
Naturecultures. Arte e Natura dall’Arte povera a oggi. Dalle Collezioni della Fondazione per l’Arte moderna e Contemporanea CRT al Castello di Rivoli, curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Marcella Beccaria and Samuele Piazza, OGR cult Torino, 29 April–22 September 2022
Atmen (Breathing), curated by Brigitte Kölle and Sandra Pisot, Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg 30 September 2022–15 January 2023
Renverser ses yeux. Autour de l'arte povera 1960 - 1975: photographies, film, vidéo, curated by Quentin Bajac, Diane Dufour, Giuliano Sergio, Jeu de Paume-Le Bal, Paris 11 October 2022–29 January 2023
De la nature. Philippe Cognée, Cristina Iglesias, Wolfgang Laib, Giuseppe Penone, curated by Guy Tosatto and Sophie Bernard, Musée de Grenoble, Grenoble 22 October 2022–19 March 2023
2023
Terra animata. Visioni tra arte e natura in Italia (1964-2023), curated by Paola Bonani and Francesca Rachele Oppedisano, Mattatoio, Padiglione 9a, Roma 30 March–27 August 2023
Saint Francis of Assisi, curated by Gabriele Finardi and Joost Joustra, The National Gallery, London 6 May–30 July 2023
Reversing the Eye, curated by Quentin Bajac, Diane Dufour, Giuliano Sergio, Lorenza Bravetta, Fondazione la Triennale di Milano, Milano 17 May–3 September 2023
Le sentiment du dessin, curated by Gérard Traquandi, Jean de Loisy and Chiara Parisi, MAC, Marseille 31 August–19 November 2023
Arte Povera 1967-1971, curated by Ilaria Bernardi, Wits Art Museum, Johannesburg 31 October–9 December 2023